PEM electrolyzers have emerged as a promising technology for the green production of hydrogen. These devices utilize a proton exchange membrane (PEM) to divide water into its constituent elements: oxygen and hydrogen. The PEM acts as a selective barrier, allowing protons to pass through while blocking the passage of charges. This process results in

PEM electrolyzer technology has undergone significant developments in recent years, driven by the growing demand for clean and sustainable energy solutions. These advancements include improvements in catalyst materials, membrane durability, and system architecture. As a result, PEM electrolyzers are becoming increasingly competitive for various app